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39
Y
88.9059
Yttrium |
Appearance & Characteristics | Reactions |
Other Forms Radius | Conductivity | Abundance
General:
| Name: Yttrium | Symbol: Y |
| Group: Trans. Met. | Atomic weight: 88.9059 |
| Density @ 293 K: 4.47 g/cm3 | Atomic volume: 19.8 cm3/mol |
| Group: Trans. Met. | Discovered: 1794 |
States
| State (s, l, g): solid | |
| Melting point: 1796.2 K | Boiling point: 3537 K |
| Heat of fusion: 11.40 kJ/mol | Heat of vaporization: 363.0 kJ/mol |
Energies
| 1st ionization energy: 615.6 kJ/mole | |
| Electronegativity: 1.22 | 2nd ionization energy: 1181 kJ/mole |
| Electron affinity: 29.6 kJ/mole | 3rd ionization energy: 1979.9 kJ/mole |
| Specific heat: 0.30 J/gK | Heat atomization: 423 kJ/mole atoms |
Oxidation & Electrons
| Shells: 2,8,18,9,2 | Electron configuration: [Kr] 4d1 5s2 |
| Minimum oxidation number: 0 | Maximum oxidation number: 3 |
| Min. common oxidation no.: 0 | Max. common oxidation no.: 3 |
Appearance & Characteristics
| Structure: hcp: hexagonal close pkd | Color: silvery |
| Uses: YAG laser, TV phosphor | Toxicity: |
| Hardness: mohs | Characteristics: forms protective oxide |
Reactions
| Reaction with air: vigorous, => Y2O3 | |
| Reaction with 6 M HCl: mild, => H2, YCl3 | Reaction with 6 M HCl: mild, => H2, YCl3 |
| Reaction with 15 M HNO3: vigorous, => Y(NO3)3 | Reaction with 6 M NaOH: |
Other Forms
| Number of isotopes: 1 | Hydride(s): YH2 YH3 |
| Oxide(s): Y2O3 | Chloride(s): YCl3 |
Radius
| Ionic radius (2- ion): pm | Ionic radius (1- ion): pm |
| Atomic radius: 180 pm | Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (2+ ion): pm | Ionic radius (3+ ion): 104 pm |
Conductivity
| Thermal conductivity: 17.2 J/m-sec-deg | |
| Electrical conductivity: 16.9 1/mohm-cm | Polarizability: 22.7 A^3 |
Abundance
| Source: xenotime (phosphate) | |
| Rel. abund. solar system: 0.667 log | Abundance earth's crust: 1.51 log |
| cost, pure: 220 $/100g | cost, bulk: $/100g |
