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50
Sn
118.69
Tin |
Appearance & Characteristics | Reactions |
Other Forms Radius | Conductivity | Abundance
General:
| Name: Tin | Symbol: Sn |
| Group: Metal, Carbon group | Atomic weight: 118.69 |
| Density @ 293 K: 7.30 g/cm3 | Atomic volume: 16.3 cm3/mol |
| Group: Metal, Carbon group | Discovered: 0 |
States
| State (s, l, g): solid | |
| Melting point: 505.168 K | Boiling point: 2896 K |
| Heat of fusion: 7.029 kJ/mol | Heat of vaporization: 295.80 kJ/mol |
Energies
| 1st ionization energy: 708.6 kJ/mole | |
| Electronegativity: 1.88 | 2nd ionization energy: 1411.8 kJ/mole |
| Electron affinity: 120 kJ/mole | 3rd ionization energy: 2943 kJ/mole |
| Specific heat: 0.227 J/gK | Heat atomization: 302 kJ/mole atoms |
Oxidation & Electrons
| Shells: 2,8,18,18,4 | Electron configuration: [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2 |
| Minimum oxidation number: -4 | Maximum oxidation number: 4 |
| Min. common oxidation no.: 0 | Max. common oxidation no.: 4 |
Appearance & Characteristics
| Structure: distorted diamond | Color: silvery-white |
| Uses: solder, pewter, bronze | Toxicity: |
| Hardness: 1.65 mohs | Characteristics: resists corrosion; 2 forms |
Reactions
| Reaction with air: mild, w/ht, => SnO2 | |
| Reaction with 6 M HCl: none | Reaction with 6 M HCl: none |
| Reaction with 15 M HNO3: mild, => SnO2, NOx | Reaction with 6 M NaOH: mild, => H2, [Sn(OH)6]2- |
Other Forms
| Number of isotopes: 10 | Hydride(s): SnH4 Sn2H6 |
| Oxide(s): SnO SnO2 | Chloride(s): SnCl2 SnCl4 |
Radius
| Ionic radius (2- ion): pm | Ionic radius (1- ion): pm |
| Atomic radius: 140.5 pm | Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (2+ ion): pm | Ionic radius (3+ ion): pm |
Conductivity
| Thermal conductivity: 66.8 J/m-sec-deg | |
| Electrical conductivity: 90.909 1/mohm-cm | Polarizability: 7.7 A^3 |
Abundance
| Source: Cassiterite (oxide) | |
| Rel. abund. solar system: 0.582 log | Abundance earth's crust: 0.3 log |
| cost, pure: 8 $/100g | cost, bulk: 0.83 $/100g |
