50
Sn
118.69
Tin
General | States | Energies | Oxidation & Electrons |
Appearance & Characteristics | Reactions |
Other Forms Radius | Conductivity | Abundance



General:

Name: Tin Symbol: Sn
Group: Metal, Carbon group Atomic weight: 118.69
Density @ 293 K: 7.30 g/cm3 Atomic volume: 16.3 cm3/mol
Group: Metal, Carbon group Discovered: 0

States

State (s, l, g): solid
Melting point: 505.168 K Boiling point: 2896 K
Heat of fusion: 7.029 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization: 295.80 kJ/mol

Energies

1st ionization energy: 708.6 kJ/mole
Electronegativity: 1.88 2nd ionization energy: 1411.8 kJ/mole
Electron affinity: 120 kJ/mole 3rd ionization energy: 2943 kJ/mole
Specific heat: 0.227 J/gK Heat atomization: 302 kJ/mole atoms

Oxidation & Electrons

Shells: 2,8,18,18,4 Electron configuration: [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
Minimum oxidation number: -4 Maximum oxidation number: 4
Min. common oxidation no.: 0 Max. common oxidation no.: 4

Appearance & Characteristics

Structure: distorted diamond Color: silvery-white
Uses: solder, pewter, bronze Toxicity:
Hardness: 1.65 mohs Characteristics: resists corrosion; 2 forms

Reactions

Reaction with air: mild, w/ht, => SnO2
Reaction with 6 M HCl: none Reaction with 6 M HCl: none
Reaction with 15 M HNO3: mild, => SnO2, NOx Reaction with 6 M NaOH: mild, => H2, [Sn(OH)6]2-

Other Forms

Number of isotopes: 10 Hydride(s): SnH4 Sn2H6
Oxide(s): SnO SnO2 Chloride(s): SnCl2 SnCl4

Radius

Ionic radius (2- ion): pm Ionic radius (1- ion): pm
Atomic radius: 140.5 pm Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm
Ionic radius (2+ ion): pm Ionic radius (3+ ion): pm

Conductivity

Thermal conductivity: 66.8 J/m-sec-deg
Electrical conductivity: 90.909 1/mohm-cm Polarizability: 7.7 A^3

Abundance

Source: Cassiterite (oxide)
Rel. abund. solar system: 0.582 log Abundance earth's crust: 0.3 log
cost, pure: 8 $/100g cost, bulk: 0.83 $/100g