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81
Tl
204.37
Thallium |
Appearance & Characteristics | Reactions |
Other Forms Radius | Conductivity | Abundance
General:
| Name: Thallium | Symbol: Tl |
| Group: Metal | Atomic weight: 204.37 |
| Density @ 293 K: 11.85 g/cm3 | Atomic volume: 17.2 cm3/mol |
| Group: Metal | Discovered: 1861 |
States
| State (s, l, g): solid | |
| Melting point: 576.7 K | Boiling point: 1730 K |
| Heat of fusion: 4.142 kJ/mol | Heat of vaporization: 164.10 kJ/mol |
Energies
| 1st ionization energy: 589.4 kJ/mole | |
| Electronegativity: 1.83 | 2nd ionization energy: 1971 kJ/mole |
| Electron affinity: 20 kJ/mole | 3rd ionization energy: 2878 kJ/mole |
| Specific heat: 0.13 J/gK | Heat atomization: 182 kJ/mole atoms |
Oxidation & Electrons
| Shells: 2,8,18,32,18,3 | Electron configuration: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1 |
| Minimum oxidation number: 0 | Maximum oxidation number: 3 |
| Min. common oxidation no.: 0 | Max. common oxidation no.: 3 |
Appearance & Characteristics
| Structure: hcp: hexagonal close pkd | Color: bluish-gray |
| Uses: IR detectors, photomult. | Toxicity: |
| Hardness: 1.2 mohs | Characteristics: soft |
Reactions
| Reaction with air: mild, => Tl2O | |
| Reaction with 6 M HCl: | Reaction with 6 M HCl: |
| Reaction with 15 M HNO3: mild, => TlNO3 | Reaction with 6 M NaOH: |
Other Forms
| Number of isotopes: 2 | Hydride(s): |
| Oxide(s): Tl2O Tl2O3 | Chloride(s): TlCl TlCl3 |
Radius
| Ionic radius (2- ion): pm | Ionic radius (1- ion): pm |
| Atomic radius: 170 pm | Ionic radius (1+ ion): 164 pm |
| Ionic radius (2+ ion): pm | Ionic radius (3+ ion): 102.5 pm |
Conductivity
| Thermal conductivity: 46.1 J/m-sec-deg | |
| Electrical conductivity: 55.556 1/mohm-cm | Polarizability: 7.6 A^3 |
Abundance
| Source: Zn/Pb smelting by-product | |
| Rel. abund. solar system: -0.735 log | Abundance earth's crust: -0.3 log |
| cost, pure: 48 $/100g | cost, bulk: $/100g |
