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Oxidation & Electrons | Appearance & Characteristics Reactions | Compounds | Radius | Conductivity Abundance & Isotopes 
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General:
| Name: Berkelium | Symbol: Bk |
| Type: Synthetic Metal | Atomic weight: 247 |
| Density @ 293 K: 14.79 g/cm3 | Atomic volume: 16.7 cm3/mol |
| Discovered: Berkelium was first produced at the University of California, Berkeley in December 1949 in a particle accelerator. | |
States
| State (s, l, g): solid | |
| Melting point: 1259.2 K (986 oC) | Boiling point: K ( oC) |
Energies
| Specific heat capacity: J g-1 K-1 | Heat of atomization: kJ mol-1 |
| Heat of fusion: kJ mol-1 | Heat of vaporization: kJ mol-1 |
| 1st ionization energy: 601 kJ mol-1 | 2nd ionization energy: kJ mol-1 |
| 3rd ionization energy: kJ mol-1 | Electron affinity: kJ mol-1 |
Oxidation & Electrons
| Shells: 2,8,18,32,27,8,2 | Electron configuration: [Rn] 5f9 7s2 |
| Minimum oxidation number: 0 | Maximum oxidation number: 4 |
| Min. common oxidation no.: 0 | Max. common oxidation no.: 3 |
| Electronegativity (Pauling Scale): 1.3 | Polarizability volume: 22.7 Å3 |
Appearance & Characteristics
| Structure: hcp: hexagonal close packed | Color: silvery gray (assumed) |
| Uses: no uses | Hardness: mohs |
| Harmful effects: Radioactive | |
| Characteristics: Radioactive. Berkelium has only been produced in minute amounts. 249Bk (half-life 320 days) is produced in a nuclear reactor by beta decay of curium. Elemental berkelium is a silvery metal, easily soluble in dilute mineral acids, and readily oxidized by air or oxygen at elevated temperatures to form the oxide. | |
Reactions
| Reaction with air: | Reaction with 6 M HCl: |
| Reaction with 15 M HNO3: | Reaction with 6 M NaOH: |
Compounds
| Oxide(s): BkO, BkO2, BkO3 | Chloride(s): BkCl3 |
| Hydride(s): |
Radius
| Atomic radius: 170 pm | Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (2+ ion): pm | Ionic radius (3+ ion): 96 pm |
| Ionic radius (2- ion): pm | Ionic radius (1- ion): pm |
Conductivity
| Thermal conductivity: 10 W m-1 K-1 | Electrical conductivity: S cm-1 |
Abundance & Isotopes
| Abundance earth's crust: 0 parts per million by weight, 0 parts per million by moles | |
| Abundance solar system: 0 parts per billion by weight, 0 parts per billion by moles | |
| Cost, pure: $ per 100g | |
| Cost, bulk: $ per 100g | |
| Source: In the nuclear fuel cycle, 249Bk (half-life 320 days) is produced by beta decay of curium. | |
| Isotopes: 12 isotpoes. 247Bk has the longest half life of 1380 years. | |
