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General
States Energies Oxidation & Electrons Appearance & Characteristics Reactions Compounds Radius Conductivity Abundance & Isotopes |
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Rutherfordium is radioactive. |
General:
| Name: Rutherfordium | Symbol: Rf |
| Type: Transition Metal | Atomic weight: 261 |
| Density @ 293 K: g/cm3 | Atomic volume: cm3/mol |
| Discovered: Rutherfordium was first synthesized in 1964 when scientists at Dubna, Russia bombarded plutonium with accelerated neon ions. The element is named after physicist and chemist Lord Ernest Rutherford, who is known as the 'father' of nuclear physics. | |
States
| State (s, l, g): solid | |
| Melting point: K ( oC) | Boiling point: K ( oC) |
Energies
| Specific heat capacity: J g-1 K-1 | Heat of atomization: kJ mol-1 |
| Heat of fusion: kJ mol-1 | Heat of vaporization : kJ mol-1 |
| 1st ionization energy: kJ mol-1 | 2nd ionization energy: kJ mol-1 |
| 3rd ionization energy: kJ mol-1 | Electron affinity: kJ mol-1 |
Oxidation & Electrons
| Shells: 2,8,18,32,32,10,2 | Electron configuration: [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2 |
| Minimum oxidation number: | Maximum oxidation number: |
| Min. common oxidation no.: | Max. common oxidation no.: |
| Electronegativity (Pauling Scale): | Polarizability volume: Å3 |
Appearance & Characteristics
| Structure: | Color: unknown |
| Harmful effects: Rutherfordium is harmful due to its radioactivity. | Hardness: mohs |
| Characteristics: Rutherfordium is a synthetic radioactive metal created by nuclear bombardment. It has only been produced in miniscule amounts. It is expected to have similar characteristics to hafnium and zirconium. | |
| Uses: no uses | |
Reactions
| Reaction with air: | Reaction with 6 M HCl: |
| Reaction with 15 M HNO3: | Reaction with 6 M NaOH: |
Compounds
| Oxide(s): | Chloride(s): |
| Hydride(s): |
Radius
| Atomic radius: pm | Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (2+ ion): pm | Ionic radius (3+ ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (2- ion): pm | Ionic radius (1- ion): pm |
Conductivity
| Thermal conductivity: W m-1 K-1 | Electrical conductivity: x 106 S cm-1 |
Abundance & Isotopes
| Abundance earth's crust: nil | |
| Abundance solar system: parts per billion by weight, part per billion by moles | |
| Cost, pure: $ per 100g | |
| Cost, bulk: $ per 100g | |
| Source: Rutherfordium is a synthetic radioactive metal, created by nuclear bombardment, and has only been produced in tiny amounts. Rutherfordium can be made by bombarding plutonium-242 with accelerated neon ions or by bombarding californium-249 with accelerated carbon ions. | |
| Isotopes: Rutherfordium has 10 isotopes whose half-lives are known, with mass numbers from 253 to 262. None are stable. The most stable isotope is 261Rf, with a half-life of 65 seconds. | |
