|
64
Gd
157.25
Gadolinium |
Appearance & Characteristics | Reactions |
Other Forms Radius | Conductivity | Abundance
General:
| Name: Gadolinium | Symbol: Gd |
| Group: Rare Earth, Lanthanides | Atomic weight: 157.25 |
| Density @ 293 K: 7.895 g/cm3 | Atomic volume: 19.9 cm3/mol |
| Group: Rare Earth, Lanthanides | Discovered: 1880 |
States
| State (s, l, g): solid | |
| Melting point: 1584.2 K | Boiling point: 3273 K |
| Heat of fusion: 10.050 kJ/mol | Heat of vaporization: 359.40 kJ/mol |
Energies
| 1st ionization energy: 592.6 kJ/mole | |
| Electronegativity: 1.17 | 2nd ionization energy: 1167 kJ/mole |
| Electron affinity: 50 kJ/mole | 3rd ionization energy: 1991 kJ/mole |
| Specific heat: 0.23 J/gK | Heat atomization: 398 kJ/mole atoms |
Oxidation & Electrons
| Shells: 2,8,18,25,9,2 | Electron configuration: [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2 |
| Minimum oxidation number: 0 | Maximum oxidation number: 3 |
| Min. common oxidation no.: 0 | Max. common oxidation no.: 3 |
Appearance & Characteristics
| Structure: hcp: hexagonal close pkd | Color: silvery-white |
| Uses: alloys, CD disk | Toxicity: |
| Hardness: mohs | Characteristics: |
Reactions
| Reaction with air: vigorous, => Gd2O3 | |
| Reaction with 6 M HCl: mild, => H2, GdCl3 | Reaction with 6 M HCl: mild, => H2, GdCl3 |
| Reaction with 15 M HNO3: mild, => Gd(NO3)3 | Reaction with 6 M NaOH: |
Other Forms
| Number of isotopes: 7 | Hydride(s): GdH2 GdH3 |
| Oxide(s): Gd2O3 | Chloride(s): GdCl3 |
Radius
| Ionic radius (2- ion): pm | Ionic radius (1- ion): pm |
| Atomic radius: 180 pm | Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (2+ ion): pm | Ionic radius (3+ ion): 107.8 pm |
Conductivity
| Thermal conductivity: 10.5 J/m-sec-deg | |
| Electrical conductivity: 7.9 1/mohm-cm | Polarizability: 23.5 A^3 |
Abundance
| Source: Monazite(phosphate),bastnaesite | |
| Rel. abund. solar system: -0.481 log | Abundance earth's crust: 0.7 log |
| cost, pure: 191 $/100g | cost, bulk: $/100g |
