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82
Pb
207.2
Lead |
Appearance & Characteristics | Reactions |
Other Forms Radius | Conductivity | Abundance
General:
| Name: Lead | Symbol: Pb |
| Group: Metal, Carbon group | Atomic weight: 207.2 |
| Density @ 293 K: 11.34 g/cm3 | Atomic volume: 18.17 cm3/mol |
| Group: Metal, Carbon group | Discovered: 0 |
States
| State (s, l, g): solid | |
| Melting point: 600.702 K | Boiling point: 2024 K |
| Heat of fusion: 4.799 kJ/mol | Heat of vaporization: 177.70 kJ/mol |
Energies
| 1st ionization energy: 715.6 kJ/mole | |
| Electronegativity: 2.1 | 2nd ionization energy: 1450 kJ/mole |
| Electron affinity: 35.1 kJ/mole | 3rd ionization energy: 3082 kJ/mole |
| Specific heat: 0.13 J/gK | Heat atomization: 196 kJ/mole atoms |
Oxidation & Electrons
| Shells: 2,8,18,32,18,4 | Electron configuration: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2 |
| Minimum oxidation number: -4 | Maximum oxidation number: 4 |
| Min. common oxidation no.: 0 | Max. common oxidation no.: 4 |
Appearance & Characteristics
| Structure: fcc: face-centered cubic | Color: gray |
| Uses: batteries, solder, paints | Toxicity: |
| Hardness: 1.5 mohs | Characteristics: soft |
Reactions
| Reaction with air: mild, w/ht, => PbO | |
| Reaction with 6 M HCl: none | Reaction with 6 M HCl: none |
| Reaction with 15 M HNO3: mild, => NOx, Pb(NO3)2 | Reaction with 6 M NaOH: |
Other Forms
| Number of isotopes: 4 | Hydride(s): PbH4 |
| Oxide(s): PbO Pb3O4 Pb2O3 PbO2 | Chloride(s): PbCl2 PbCl4 |
Radius
| Ionic radius (2- ion): pm | Ionic radius (1- ion): pm |
| Atomic radius: 146 pm | Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (2+ ion): 133 pm | Ionic radius (3+ ion): pm |
Conductivity
| Thermal conductivity: 35.3 J/m-sec-deg | |
| Electrical conductivity: 48.431 1/mohm-cm | Polarizability: 6.8 A^3 |
Abundance
| Source: Galena (sulfide) | |
| Rel. abund. solar system: 0.498 log | Abundance earth's crust: 1.1 log |
| cost, pure: 1.5 $/100g | cost, bulk: 0.077 $/100g |
