Livermorium/Ununhexium Element Facts

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States
Energies
Oxidation & Electrons
Appearance & Characteristics
Reactions & Compounds
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116 Lv 293 Livermorium

Livermorium/Ununhexium is radioactive.

Name: Livermorium (awaiting final approval)
Type: Other metal? Metalloid?
Density @ 293 K: g/cm³

Discovery of Livermorium/Ununhexium
Element 116, livermorium , was first made in Dubna, Russia in July 2000. The work was a collaboration between science teams at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California led by Yuri Oganessian and Ken Moody.

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) reviewed the work over a period of years and in 2011 finally accepted the discovery of ununhexium, as it was called at the time. ⁽¹⁾

The reaction was a fusion of element 20 with element 96: calcium-48 with curium-248. Calcium ions were formed into a beam in a cyclotron (a particle accelerator) and fired at a curium target.

In the first instance a single atom of livermorium-292 was detected. It existed for 46.9 ms before undergoing alpha-decay to flerovium-288. ⁽¹⁾

In an experiment that lasted a year, two further atoms of livermorium-292 were made. The first existed for 125.5 ms and the second for 55.0 ms. By the end of the experiment a total of 2.3 x 10¹⁹ calcium ions had been fired at the curium target. ⁽²⁾ By 2005, 30 atoms of livermorium had been made.

As a result of its position in Group 16 of the periodic table, livermorium is expected to be classed as one of the 'other metals' and/or to have similar properties to the metalloid polonium. Too little of the element has been synthesized for this to be confirmed.

Ununhexium (Uuh) was element 116's temporary name until an official name was chosen by IUPAC. IUPAC has now recommended that element 116 should be named livermorium. Although this name has not yet been given final approval, there is little doubt that this will be the name chosen for element 116. The deputy director of Russia's Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) initially wanted the name of element 116 to be derived from Muscovy, in honor of the Moscow region. ⁽³⁾

Subsequently, the name livermorium was chosen to honor the work carried out by the scientists from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California in the discovery of the superheavy elements.

The joint teams at JINR in Dubna and Lawrence Livermore in California have published evidence for the synthesis of elements 113, 114, 115, 116, 117 and 118.

Symbol: Lv
Atomic weight: 293
Atomic volume: cm³/mol

State (s, l, g): solid
Melting point: K   ( ^oC)

Boiling point: K   ( ^oC)

Specific heat capacity: J g^-1 K^-1
Heat of fusion: kJ mol^-1
1^st ionization energy: kJ mol^-1
3^rd ionization energy: kJ mol^-1

Heat of atomization: kJ mol^-1
Heat of vaporization : kJ mol^-1
2^nd ionization energy: kJ mol^-1
Electron affinity: kJ mol^-1

Shells: 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 6
Minimum oxidation number:
Min. common oxidation no.:
Electronegativity (Pauling Scale):

Electron configuration: [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁴
Maximum oxidation number:
Max. common oxidation no.:
Polarizability volume: ų

Structure:

Hardness: mohs



Harmful effects:
Ununhexium is harmful due to its radioactivity.

Color:

Characteristics:
Livermorium/Ununhexium is a synthetic radioactive metal and has only been produced in minute amounts.

Uses:
Livermorium/Ununhexium is of research interest only.

Reaction with air:
Reaction with 15 M HNO₃:
Oxide(s):
Hydride(s):

Reaction with 6 M HCl:
Reaction with 6 M NaOH:
Chloride(s):

Atomic radius: pm
Ionic radius (2+ ion): pm
Ionic radius (2- ion): pm

Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm
Ionic radius (3+ ion): pm
Ionic radius (1- ion): pm

Thermal conductivity: W m^-1 K^-1

Electrical conductivity: x 10⁶ S cm^-1