{"id":792,"date":"2012-06-03T13:09:30","date_gmt":"2012-06-03T13:09:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/?page_id=792"},"modified":"2017-12-07T02:08:24","modified_gmt":"2017-12-07T07:08:24","slug":"nobelium","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/nobelium.html","title":{"rendered":"Nobelium Element Facts"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"insidepagelinks\">\n<a href=\"#data\">Data Zone<\/a> |  <a href=\"#discovery\">Discovery<\/a> |  <a href=\"#facts\">Facts<\/a> | <a href=\"#appear\">Appearance &amp; Characteristics<\/a> | <a href=\"#uses\">Uses<\/a> | <a href=\"#abund\">Abundance &amp; Isotopes<\/a>  | <a href=\"#refer\">References<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"rareT\">\n<div class=\"atnorT\">102<\/div>\n<div class=\"clearT\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"elnamT\">No<\/div>\n<div class=\"atweiT\"> (259)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The chemical element nobelium is classed as an actinide metal. It was discovered in 1966 by research scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna.<\/p>\n<div style=\"clear:both;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"adsense300\">\n<div class=\"adsense300spacer\">\n<div style=\"line-height:10px;\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/www.chemicool.com\/ad.png\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:inline-block;width:336px;height:280px\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9461632227417539\" data-ad-slot=\"3265846807\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"data\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Data Zone<\/h2>\n<table class=\"datatop\">\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Classification:<\/td>\n<td>  Nobelium is an actinide metal  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Color:<\/td>\n<td>   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Atomic weight:<\/td>\n<td>  (259), no stable isotopes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">State:<\/td>\n<td>   solid   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Melting point:<\/td>\n<td>    <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Boiling point:<\/td>\n<td>     <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Electrons:<\/td>\n<td>102<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Protons:<\/td>\n<td>102<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Neutrons in most abundant isotope:<\/td>\n<td>157<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Electron shells:<\/td>\n<td>   2,8,18,32,32,8,2  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Electron configuration:<\/td>\n<td>  [Rn] 5f<sup>14<\/sup> 7s<sup>2<\/sup>    <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Density @ 20<sup>o<\/sup>C:<\/td>\n<td>     <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<span class=\"collapseomatic \" id=\"id6a64316916d92\"  tabindex=\"0\" title=\"Show more, including: Heats, Energies, Oxidation,&lt;br \/&gt; Reactions, Compounds, Radii, Conductivities\"    >Show more, including: Heats, Energies, Oxidation,<br \/> Reactions, Compounds, Radii, Conductivities<\/span><div id=\"target-id6a64316916d92\" class=\"collapseomatic_content \">\n<table class=\"datatop\">\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Atomic volume:<\/td>\n<td>  &#8211;    <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Structure:<\/td>\n<td> &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Hardness: <\/td>\n<td>  &#8211;    <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Specific heat capacity<\/td>\n<td> &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Heat of fusion<\/td>\n<td>  &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Heat of atomization<\/td>\n<td>&#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Heat of vaporization<\/td>\n<td>  &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">1<sup>st<\/sup> ionization energy<\/td>\n<td>     642 kJ mol<sup>-1<\/sup>   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">2<sup>nd<\/sup> ionization energy<\/td>\n<td>  &#8211;   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">3<sup>rd<\/sup> ionization energy<\/td>\n<td>   &#8211;   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Electron affinity<\/td>\n<td>  &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Minimum oxidation number<\/td>\n<td>  0    <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Min. common oxidation no.<\/td>\n<td>  0   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Maximum oxidation number <\/td>\n<td> 3 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Max. common oxidation no. <\/td>\n<td>  3  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Electronegativity (Pauling Scale) <\/td>\n<td> 1.3   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Polarizability volume <\/td>\n<td>    17.5 &Aring;<sup>3<\/sup> <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Reaction with air<\/td>\n<td>  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Reaction with 15 M HNO<sub>3<\/sub> <\/td>\n<td>   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Reaction with 6 M HCl <\/td>\n<td>  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Reaction with 6 M NaOH <\/td>\n<td>   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Oxide(s) <\/td>\n<td>    <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Hydride(s) <\/td>\n<td>   &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Chloride(s) <\/td>\n<td>    <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Atomic radius <\/td>\n<td>      &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Ionic radius (1+ ion) <\/td>\n<td> &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Ionic radius (2+ ion) <\/td>\n<td>   105  pm  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Ionic radius (3+ ion) <\/td>\n<td>   &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Ionic radius (1- ion) <\/td>\n<td>   &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Ionic radius (2- ion) <\/td>\n<td> &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Ionic radius (3- ion) <\/td>\n<td>   &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Thermal conductivity <\/td>\n<td> &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Electrical conductivity <\/td>\n<td>  &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Freezing\/Melting point:<\/td>\n<td> &#8211;   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"leftimagepadding\">\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/LxFXX0-hUYQ?rel=0&#038;start=1124\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div class=\"youtubecaption\">Transuranium elements discovery and experiments. 1963 chemistry educational documentary narrated by Glenn Seaborg, Stanley Thompson and Albert Ghiorso.<\/div>\n<div style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/images\/gammasphere.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"336\" alt=\"Gammasphere\" class=\"size-full\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Argonne National Laboratory: Analysis of gamma rays generated in the Gammasphere established that the nuclei in nobelium atoms are not shaped like spheres, but are actually elongated like footballs. The 10-foot-tall, 14-ton Gammasphere has 110 <a href=\"germanium.html\">germanium<\/a> detectors cooled with liquid <a href=\"germanium.html\">nitrogen<\/a>.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<a id=\"discovery\"><\/a>\t<\/p>\n<h2>Discovery of Nobelium<\/h2>\n<p> Research scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia synthesized nobelium for the first time in 1966.<\/p>\n<p>\tThe element was given its name in honor of Alfred Nobel.<\/p>\n<p>&#8216;Nobelium&#8217; had actually been proposed as the element 102&#8217;s name in 1957, by scientists from the Nobel Institute of Physics in Sweden who believed they had produced it. Further investigations ruled out the possibility they had made nobelium. <\/p>\n<p>A stronger claim to have made nobelium was made in 1958 by scientists at the University of California, Berkeley. <\/p>\n<p>After reviewing all claims IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) ruled that the discovery was most likely to have been made in Dubna in 1966.<\/p>\n<p>     <a id=\"appear\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Appearance and Characteristics<\/h3>\n<p>\t  <strong>Harmful effects:<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p>\tNobelium is harmful due to its radioactivity. <\/p>\n<p>\t  <strong>Characteristics:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\t\t Nobelium is a synthetic, highly radioactive metal that has only been produced in miniscule amounts.<\/p>\n<p>\t\tNobelium is normally a divalent ion in aqueous solution. <sup>(1)<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\t\t<a id=\"uses\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Uses of Nobelium<\/h2>\n<p>\t\tNobelium is of scientific research interest only.\t<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"abund\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Abundance and Isotopes<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"elemgl\">Abundance earth&#8217;s crust:<\/span>  nil<\/p>\n<p>\t\t<span class=\"elemgl\">Abundance solar system:<\/span> &#8211;<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elemgl\">Cost, pure:<\/span>  $ per g<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elemgl\">Cost, bulk:<\/span>   per 100g<\/p>\n<p>\t\t<span class=\"elemgl\">Source:<\/span> Nobelium is a synthetic element and is not found naturally. <\/p>\n<p>\t\tNobelium is created by nuclear bombardment, and has only been produced in miniscule amounts. Nobelium can be produced by irradiating a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/californium.html\">californium-249<\/a> target with carbon-12 ions. <sup>(1)<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\t\t<span class=\"elemgl\">Isotopes:<\/span> Nobelium has 12 isotopes whose half-lives are known, with mass numbers 250 to 262. <\/p>\n<p>\t\tNobelium has no naturally occurring isotopes. Its longest lived isotopes are <sup>259<\/sup>No with a half-life of 51.5 minutes, <sup>255<\/sup>No, with a half-life of 31.8 minutes and <sup>253<\/sup>No with a half-life of 1.7 minutes.<\/p>\n<div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"max-width:750px;\">\n<div style=\"line-height:10px;\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/www.chemicool.com\/ad.png\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9461632227417539\" data-ad-slot=\"8753977201\" data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t<a id=\"refer\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>References<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>Robert J. Silva, The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements., Springer., Vol 3.13, p1637-1639.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.phy.anl.gov\/gammasphere\/pub\/logos_98.html\">Gammasphere<\/a>. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a id=\"Cite\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>Cite this Page<\/h4>\n<p>For online linking, please copy and paste one of the following:<\/p>\n<pre class='code'>\r\n&lt;a href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/nobelium.html\"&gt;Nobelium&lt;\/a&gt;\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>or<\/p>\n<pre class='code'>\r\n&lt;a href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/nobelium.html\"&gt;Nobelium Element Facts&lt;\/a&gt;\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>To cite this page in an academic document, please use the following MLA compliant citation:<\/p>\n<pre class='code'>\r\n\"Nobelium.\" Chemicool Periodic Table. Chemicool.com. 08 Oct. 2012. Web. <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\r\n<!--\r\nvar currentTime = new Date()\r\nvar month = currentTime.getMonth() + 1\r\nvar day = currentTime.getDate()\r\nvar year = currentTime.getFullYear()\r\ndocument.write(month + \"\/\" + day + \"\/\" + year)\r\n\/\/-->\r\n<\/script> \r\n&lt;https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/nobelium.html&gt;.<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Data Zone | Discovery | Facts | Appearance &amp; Characteristics | Uses | Abundance &amp; Isotopes | References 102 No (259) The chemical element nobelium is classed as an actinide metal. It was discovered in 1966 by research scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna. Data Zone Classification: Nobelium is an actinide [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":{"0":"post-792","1":"page","2":"type-page","3":"status-publish","5":"entry"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/792","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=792"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/792\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4276,"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/792\/revisions\/4276"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=792"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}