{"id":620,"date":"2012-05-30T18:34:23","date_gmt":"2012-05-30T18:34:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/?page_id=620"},"modified":"2017-12-07T02:07:55","modified_gmt":"2017-12-07T07:07:55","slug":"flerovium","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/flerovium.html","title":{"rendered":"Flerovium Element Facts"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"insidepagelinks\">\n<a href=\"#data\">Data Zone<\/a> |  <a href=\"#discovery\">Discovery<\/a> |  <a href=\"#facts\">Facts<\/a> | <a href=\"#appear\">Appearance &amp; Characteristics<\/a> | <a href=\"#uses\">Uses<\/a> | <a href=\"#abund\">Abundance &amp; Isotopes<\/a>  | <a href=\"#refer\">References<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"unnamedT\">\n<div class=\"atnorT\">114<\/div>\n<div class=\"clearT\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"elnamT\">Fl<\/div>\n<div class=\"atweiT\"> 289<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The chemical element flerovium is classed as an other metal. It was discovered in 1998 by science teams led by Yuri Oganessian and Ken Moody.<\/p>\n<div style=\"clear:both;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"adsense300\">\n<div class=\"adsense300spacer\">\n<div style=\"line-height:10px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/www.chemicool.com\/ad.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display: block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9461632227417539\" data-ad-slot=\"8753977201\" data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"data\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Data Zone<\/h2>\n<table class=\"datatop\">\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"elemglb\">Classification:<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Flerovium is an &#8216;other metal&#8217; (presumed) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"elemglb\">Atomic weight:<\/span><\/td>\n<td>(289)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">State:<\/td>\n<td>   solid  (presumed) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Melting point:<\/td>\n<td>    <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Boiling point:<\/td>\n<td>     <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"elemglb\">Density @ 20 <sup>o<\/sup>C:<\/span><\/td>\n<td> <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Electrons:<\/td>\n<td>114<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Protons:<\/td>\n<td>114<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Neutrons in most abundant isotope:<\/td>\n<td>175<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Electron shells:<\/td>\n<td>   2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 4       <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Electron configuration:<\/td>\n<td>    [Rn] 5f<sup>14<\/sup> 6d<sup>10<\/sup> 7s<sup>2<\/sup> 7p<sup>2<\/sup>   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<span class=\"collapseomatic \" id=\"id6a27ec92a22d7\"  tabindex=\"0\" title=\"Show more, including: Heats, Energies, Oxidation, &lt;br \/&gt;Reactions, Compounds, Radii, Conductivities\"    >Show more, including: Heats, Energies, Oxidation, <br \/>Reactions, Compounds, Radii, Conductivities<\/span><div id=\"target-id6a27ec92a22d7\" class=\"collapseomatic_content \">\n<table class=\"datatop\">\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"elemglb\">Atomic volume:<\/span><\/td>\n<td>  &#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Specific heat capacity<\/td>\n<td>  &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Heat of fusion<\/td>\n<td> &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Heat of atomization<\/td>\n<td> &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Heat of vaporization<\/td>\n<td>  &#8211;   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">1<sup>st<\/sup> ionization energy<\/td>\n<td> &#8211;    <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">2<sup>nd<\/sup> ionization energy<\/td>\n<td> &#8211;   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">3<sup>rd<\/sup> ionization energy<\/td>\n<td>   &#8211;   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Electron affinity<\/td>\n<td>  &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Minimum oxidation number<\/td>\n<td>  &#8211;   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Min. common oxidation no.<\/td>\n<td>  &#8211;   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Maximum oxidation number <\/td>\n<td> &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Max. common oxidation no. <\/td>\n<td>  &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Electronegativity (Pauling Scale) <\/td>\n<td> &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Polarizability volume <\/td>\n<td>   &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Reaction with air<\/td>\n<td> &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Reaction with 15 M HNO<sub>3<\/sub> <\/td>\n<td> &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Reaction with 6 M HCl <\/td>\n<td> &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Reaction with 6 M NaOH <\/td>\n<td>   &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Oxide(s) <\/td>\n<td> &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Hydride(s) <\/td>\n<td>   &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Chloride(s) <\/td>\n<td>  &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Atomic radius <\/td>\n<td>  &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Ionic radius (1+ ion) <\/td>\n<td> &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Ionic radius (2+ ion) <\/td>\n<td>   &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Ionic radius (3+ ion) <\/td>\n<td> &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Ionic radius (1- ion) <\/td>\n<td>   &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Ionic radius (2- ion) <\/td>\n<td> &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Ionic radius (3- ion) <\/td>\n<td>   &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Thermal conductivity <\/td>\n<td> &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Electrical conductivity <\/td>\n<td>  &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"leftimagepadding\">\n<div style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/images\/300-u400-dubna.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"160\" alt=\"The cyclotron at Dubna\" class=\"size-full\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Part of the heavy ion cyclotron U400 in Dubna, where flerovium was synthesized. Image by Jim Roberto, Oak Ridge National Laboratory<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a id=\"discovery\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Discovery of Flerovium <\/h2>\n<div class=\"author\">Dr. Doug Stewart<\/div>\n<p>     Element 114, flerovium, was first made in Dubna, Russia in 1998.<\/p>\n<p>\t\tThe work was a collaboration between science teams at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in California led by Yuri Oganessian and Ken Moody. <\/p>\n<p>\t\tSubsequently the team made element 114 on a number of occasions; cumulatively this provided enough evidence for The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) to announce in June 2011 its acceptance of element 114&#8217;s discovery. <sup>(1)<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>    Flerovium was made by a fusion reaction of element 20 with element 94: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/calcium.html\">calcium-48<\/a> with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/plutonium.html\">plutonium-244<\/a>.   <sup>(2)<\/sup> <\/p>\n<p>\t\tCalcium ions were formed into a beam in the U400 cyclotron (a particle accelerator) at Dubna, accelerating to reach 10% of the speed of light before hitting the plutonium target.<\/p>\n<p>The experiment was run for 6 months. In the first 40 days, 5 x 10<sup>18<\/sup> calcium ions were fired at the plutonium, resulting in the formation of a single atom of flerovium-289, which existed for 30.4 seconds before decaying. <sup>(2)<\/sup>\t<\/p>\n<p>\tLater, two atoms of flerovium-288 were made, allowing an approximate half-life of 2 seconds to be estimated for this isotope. <sup>(3)<\/sup>\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\t\tAs a result of its position in Group 14 of the periodic table we might expect flerovium to be one of the &#8216;other metals&#8217; with properties similar to <a href=\"lead.html\">lead<\/a> with possible oxidation states of +2 and +4. Too little flerovium has been synthesized for its properties to be assessed with certainty. <\/p>\n<p>\t\tElement 114&#8217;s electron configuration is [Rn] 5f<sup>14<\/sup> 6d<sup>10<\/sup> 7s<sup>2<\/sup> 7p<sup>2<\/sup>. As a result of relativistic effects, element 114 has three outer p orbitals with different symmetries: p<sub>1\/2 (m=1\/2)<\/sub>, p<sub>3\/2 (m=1\/2)<\/sub>, p<sub>3\/2 (m=3\/2)<\/sub>. (In lighter elements the three p orbitals p<sub>x<\/sub>, p<sub>y<\/sub>, p<sub>z<\/sub> are symmetrical.) <\/p>\n<p>\t\t\tSo, how does the filled 7p<sub>1\/2<\/sub> subshell influence the chemical properties of flerovium? Significant spin-orbit splitting between the spherical 7p<sub>1\/2<\/sub> and distorted 7p<sub>3\/2<\/sub> orbitals meant estimates ranged from chemical inertness (a solid version of noble gas behavior) to lead-like behavior. Initial results indicate ununquadium may exhibit noble gas-like behavior. <sup>(4)<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\t  Ununquadium (Uuq) was element 114&#8217;s temporary name until an official name was chosen by IUPAC. In May 2012, IUPAC approved that element 114 should be named flerovium. <\/p>\n<p>\t  The name flerovium is in accordance with the wishes of the deputy director of Russia&#8217;s Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) who wanted element 114&#8217;s name to be derived from Flerov, in honor of George Flerov, the Russian nuclear physicist.  <sup>(5)<\/sup> \t\t<\/p>\n<p> \t\tIUPAC has accepted the discoveries of <a href=\"ununtrium.html\">element 113 <\/a> (nihonium\/ununtrium), <a href=\"ununquadium.html\">element 114 <\/a> (flerovium\/ununquadium), <a href=\"ununpentium.html\">element 115 <\/a> (moscovium\/ununpentium), <a href=\"ununhexium.html\">element 116 <\/a> (livermorium\/ununhexium), <a href=\"ununseptium.html\"> element 117 <\/a> (tennessine\/ununseptium) and <a href=\"ununoctium.html\">element 118 <\/a> (oganesson\/ununoctium), thus completing the seventh row of the periodic table. \t<\/p>\n<div style=\"clear:both;line-height:20px;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"adsense300\">\n<div class=\"adsense300spacer\">\n<div style=\"line-height: 10px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/www.chemicool.com\/ad.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 336px; height: 280px;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9461632227417539\" data-ad-slot=\"2986645201\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/p>\n<div class=\"leftimagepadding\">\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a id=\"appear\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Appearance and Characteristics<\/h3>\n<p>\t  <strong>Harmful effects:<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p>\t \tFlerovium is harmful due to its radioactivity.<\/p>\n<p>\t  <strong>Characteristics:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\t\t Flerovium is a synthetic radioactive metal and has only been produced in minute amounts.<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"uses\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Uses of Flerovium<\/h2>\n<p>\t\t Flerovium is of research interest only.<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"abund\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Abundance and Isotopes<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"elemgl\">Abundance earth&#8217;s crust:<\/span>  nil<\/p>\n<p>\t\t<span class=\"elemgl\">Abundance solar system:<\/span>  parts per trillion by weight,  parts per trillion by moles<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elemgl\">Cost, pure:<\/span>  $ per 100g<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elemgl\">Cost, bulk:<\/span>  $ per 100g<\/p>\n<p>\t\t<span class=\"elemgl\">Source:<\/span> Flerovium \/ Ununquadium is a synthetic radioactive metal, created via nuclear bombardment, and has only been produced in minute amounts. Flerovium is produced by bombarding <sup>244<\/sup>Pu with <sup>48<\/sup>Ca in a heavy ion accelerator.<\/p>\n<p>\t\t<span class=\"elemgl\">Isotopes:<\/span> Flerovium has 5 isotopes whose half-lives are known, with mass numbers from 285 to 289. None are stable. The most stable isotope is <sup>289<\/sup>Fl, with a half-life of 2.6 seconds.<\/p>\n<div style=\"clear:both;line-height:2px;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"max-width: 750px;\">\n<div style=\"line-height: 10px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/www.chemicool.com\/ad.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display: block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9461632227417539\" data-ad-slot=\"8753977201\" data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><a id=\"refer\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>References<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>Robert Barber, Paul Karol, Hiromichi Nakahara, Emanuele Vardaci, and Erich Vogt, <a href=\"http:\/\/iupac.org\/publications\/pac\/pdf\/asap\/pdf\/PAC-REP-10-05-01.pdf\">Discovery of the elements with atomic numbers greater than or equal to 113<\/a>,. 2011, IUPAC. (pdf download) <\/li>\n<li>\tJohn Emsley, Nature&#8217;s building blocks: an A-Z guide to the elements., Oxford University Press, 2003, p467. \t<\/li>\n<li>\tLawrence Livermore National Laboratory, <a href=\"https:\/\/www-pls.llnl.gov\/?url=science_and_technology-chemistry-elements_114_and_116\">Element 114 &#8211; Superheavy Element Puts LLNL on the Periodic Table<\/a>, January 24, 2007.<\/li>\n<li> H.W. G&#228;ggeler and A. T&#252;rler, <a href=\"http:\/\/lch.web.psi.ch\/files\/lectures\/TexasA&#038;M\/TexasA&#038;M.pdf\">Gas Phase Chemistry of Superheavy elements<\/a> (pdf document)., (2007).\t<\/li>\n<li>\t <a href=\"http:\/\/en.rian.ru\/science\/20110603\/164429051.html\">New chemical elements synthesized by Russian team recognized<\/a>., June 3, 2011, RIA Novosti.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>Cite this Page<\/h4>\n<p>For online linking, please copy and paste one of the following:<\/p>\n<pre class='code'>\r\n&lt;a href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/flerovium.html\"&gt;Flerovium&lt;\/a&gt;\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>or<\/p>\n<pre class='code'>\r\n&lt;a href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/flerovium.html\"&gt;Flerovium Element Facts&lt;\/a&gt;\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>To cite this page in an academic document, please use the following MLA compliant citation:<\/p>\n<pre class='code'>\r\n\"Flerovium.\" Chemicool Periodic Table. Chemicool.com. 11 Jun. 2016. Web. <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\r\n<!--\r\nvar currentTime = new Date()\r\nvar month = currentTime.getMonth() + 1\r\nvar day = currentTime.getDate()\r\nvar year = currentTime.getFullYear()\r\ndocument.write(month + \"\/\" + day + \"\/\" + year)\r\n\/\/-->\r\n<\/script> \r\n&lt;https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/flerovium.html&gt;.<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Data Zone | Discovery | Facts | Appearance &amp; Characteristics | Uses | Abundance &amp; Isotopes | References 114 Fl 289 The chemical element flerovium is classed as an other metal. It was discovered in 1998 by science teams led by Yuri Oganessian and Ken Moody. Data Zone Classification: Flerovium is an &#8216;other metal&#8217; (presumed) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":{"0":"post-620","1":"page","2":"type-page","3":"status-publish","5":"entry"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/620","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=620"}],"version-history":[{"count":43,"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/620\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4336,"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/620\/revisions\/4336"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=620"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}