{"id":610,"date":"2012-05-30T18:12:27","date_gmt":"2012-05-30T18:12:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/?page_id=610"},"modified":"2017-12-07T02:08:24","modified_gmt":"2017-12-07T07:08:24","slug":"nihonium","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/nihonium.html","title":{"rendered":"Nihonium Element Facts"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"insidepagelinks\">\n<a href=\"#data\">Data Zone<\/a> |  <a href=\"#discovery\">Discovery<\/a> |  <a href=\"#facts\">Facts<\/a> | <a href=\"#appear\">Appearance &amp; Characteristics<\/a> | <a href=\"#uses\">Uses<\/a> | <a href=\"#abund\">Abundance &amp; Isotopes<\/a>  | <a href=\"#refer\">References<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"unnamedT\">\n<div class=\"atnorT\">113<\/div>\n<div class=\"clearT\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"elnamT\">Nh<\/div>\n<div class=\"atweiT\"> (286)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The chemical element nihonium is classed as an other metal. It was discovered in 2012 by Kosuke Morita\u2019s RIKEN collaborative team.<\/p>\n<div style=\"clear:both;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"adsense300\">\n<div class=\"adsense300spacer\">\n<div style=\"line-height:10px;\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/www.chemicool.com\/ad.png\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:inline-block;width:336px;height:280px\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9461632227417539\" data-ad-slot=\"3265846807\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"data\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Data Zone<\/h2>\n<table class=\"datatop\">\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Classification:<\/td>\n<td>  Nihonium is an &#8216;other metal&#8217; (presumed)    <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Atomic weight:<\/td>\n<td>   (286), no stable isotopes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">State:<\/td>\n<td>   solid  (presumed) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Melting point:<\/td>\n<td>      <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Boiling point:<\/td>\n<td>     <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Electrons:<\/td>\n<td>113<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Protons:<\/td>\n<td>113<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Neutrons in most abundant isotope:<\/td>\n<td>173<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Electron shells:<\/td>\n<td>   2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 3       <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Electron configuration:<\/td>\n<td>    [Rn] 5f<sup>14<\/sup> 6d<sup>10<\/sup> 7s<sup>2<\/sup> 7p<sup>1<\/sup>   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<span class=\"collapseomatic \" id=\"id6a43f0f265209\"  tabindex=\"0\" title=\"Show more, including: Heats, Energies, Oxidation,&lt;br \/&gt; Reactions, Compounds, Radii, Conductivities\"    >Show more, including: Heats, Energies, Oxidation,<br \/> Reactions, Compounds, Radii, Conductivities<\/span><div id=\"target-id6a43f0f265209\" class=\"collapseomatic_content \">\n<table class=\"datatop\">\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Specific heat capacity<\/td>\n<td>  &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Heat of fusion<\/td>\n<td> &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Heat of atomization<\/td>\n<td> &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Heat of vaporization<\/td>\n<td>  &#8211;   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">1<sup>st<\/sup> ionization energy<\/td>\n<td> &#8211;    <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">2<sup>nd<\/sup> ionization energy<\/td>\n<td> &#8211;   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">3<sup>rd<\/sup> ionization energy<\/td>\n<td>   &#8211;   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Electron affinity<\/td>\n<td>  &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Minimum oxidation number<\/td>\n<td>  &#8211;   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Min. common oxidation no.<\/td>\n<td>  &#8211;   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Maximum oxidation number <\/td>\n<td> &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Max. common oxidation no. <\/td>\n<td>  &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Electronegativity (Pauling Scale) <\/td>\n<td> &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Polarizability volume <\/td>\n<td>   &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Reaction with air<\/td>\n<td> &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Reaction with 15 M HNO<sub>3<\/sub> <\/td>\n<td> &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Reaction with 6 M HCl <\/td>\n<td> &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Reaction with 6 M NaOH <\/td>\n<td>   &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Oxide(s) <\/td>\n<td> &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Hydride(s) <\/td>\n<td>   &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Chloride(s) <\/td>\n<td>  &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Atomic radius <\/td>\n<td>  &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Ionic radius (1+ ion) <\/td>\n<td> &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Ionic radius (2+ ion) <\/td>\n<td>   &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Ionic radius (3+ ion) <\/td>\n<td> &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Ionic radius (1- ion) <\/td>\n<td>   &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Ionic radius (2- ion) <\/td>\n<td> &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Ionic radius (3- ion) <\/td>\n<td>   &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Thermal conductivity <\/td>\n<td> &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Electrical conductivity <\/td>\n<td>  &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Freezing\/Melting point:<\/td>\n<td>  &#8211;    <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"leftimagepadding\">\n<div style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chemicool.com\/elements\/images\/300-element-113.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"158\" alt=\"Nihonium \" class=\"size-full\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nihonium was produced in a particle accelerator. Image: LLNL.<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"width: 270px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/images\/element-113-synthesis.png\" width=\"260\" height=\"321\" alt=\"Element 115 decay\" class=\"size-full\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nihonium was made by combining zinc-70 with bismuth-209 in a nuclear reation.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<a id=\"discovery\"><\/a>\t<\/p>\n<h2>Discovery of Nihonium<\/h2>\n<div class=\"author\">Dr. Doug Stewart<\/div>\n<p>Nihonium was discovered on August 12, 2012 by Kosuke Morita&#8217;s RIKEN collaborative team in Japan. It was the first chemical element ever discovered in Asia.<\/p>\n<p>The discovery was formally accepted on December 30, 2015 by IUPAC and IUPAP, and a new superheavy element took its place in the seventh row of the periodic table.<\/p>\n<p>The element is named after the place it was first synthesized; Nihon is one of two ways to say Japan in Japanese. <\/p>\n<p>Nihonium was made using RIKEN&#8217;s Linear Accelerator Facility and the GARIS ion separator in Wako, Japan.  The isotope produced was nihonium-278, which does not hang around for long: its half-life is less than a thousandth of a second.<\/p>\n<p>Morita&#8217;s team had begun their work in September 2003. Zinc ions (<sup>70<\/sup>Zn) were formed into a beam in a particle accelerator and fired at a thin layer of bismuth (<sup>209<\/sup>Bi) in a cold fusion reaction.<\/p>\n<p>Using this method the scientists believed they made a single atom of element 113 in July 2004 and again in April 2005.  On each occasion the atom rapidly underwent four alpha decays: first to roentgenium-274, followed by meitnerium-270, bohrium-266, and dubnium-262.<\/p>\n<p>Alpha decays :<br \/>\n<sup>278<\/sup>Nh  ==> <sup>274<\/sup>Rg ==> <sup>270<\/sup>Mt ==> <sup>266<\/sup>Bh ==> <sup>262<\/sup>Db<\/p>\n<p>These results were not sufficient to satisfy IUPAC and IUPAP. In 2011 their Joint Working Party refused to accept the discovery of element 113, stating that: &#8220;The work of the collaboration of Morita et al. is very promising but has not met the criteria for discovery owing to the paucity of events, the absence of firm connection(s) to known nuclides, and the inconsistencies noted above.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The scientists in Japan then hit a dead end. Morita commented: &#8220;For over seven years we continued to search for data conclusively identifying element 113, but we just never saw another event. I was not prepared to give up, however, as I believed that one day, if we persevered, luck would fall upon us again.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>To help validate their discovery of nihonium, the team carried out a new experiment which would give them a better idea of the decay chain beyond <sup>266<\/sup>Bh.  A beam of sodium ions was collided with a curium target creating <sup>266<\/sup>Bh which then decayed to <sup>262<\/sup>Db.<\/p>\n<p>On August 12, 2012 the scientists observed a third and conclusive decay event.  Nihonium was created in the same way as before and underwent the same four alpha decays as previously.  Additionally, <sup>262<\/sup>Db continued to undergo alpha decays, yielding <sup>258<\/sup>Lr followed by <sup>254<\/sup>Md. As the chain had been fully characterized, this was taken as a clear demonstration that the source of the decay chain was indeed Nihonium, element 113.<\/p>\n<p>In 2015 The IUPAC\/IUPAP Joint Working Party (JWP) reviewed the work and stated that: &#8220;The RIKEN collaboration team in Japan have fulfilled the criteria for element Z=113 and will be invited to propose a permanent name and symbol.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>     <a id=\"appear\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Appearance and Characteristics<\/h3>\n<p>\t  <strong>Harmful effects:<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p>\t \tNihonium is harmful due to its radioactivity.  <\/p>\n<p>\t  <strong>Characteristics:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\t\t Nihonium is a synthetic radioactive metal.<\/p>\n<p>\t\t<a id=\"uses\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Uses of Nihonium<\/h2>\n<p>\t\t Nihonium is of research interest only.<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"abund\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Abundance and Isotopes<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"elemgl\">Abundance earth&#8217;s crust:<\/span>  nil<\/p>\n<p>\t\t<span class=\"elemgl\">Abundance solar system:<\/span>  parts per trillion by weight,  parts per trillion by moles<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elemgl\">Cost, pure:<\/span>  $ per 100g<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elemgl\">Cost, bulk:<\/span>  $ per 100g<\/p>\n<p>\t\t<span class=\"elemgl\">Source:<\/span> The element has been created using a cold fusion reaction between a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/bismuth.html\">bismuth-209<\/a> target and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/zinc.html\">zinc-70<\/a> ions. <\/p>\n<p>\t\t<span class=\"elemgl\">Isotopes:<\/span> Nihonium has one isotope whose half-life is known, <sup>278<\/sup>Nh. <\/p>\n<div style=\"clear:both;line-height:2px;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"max-width:750px;\">\n<div style=\"line-height:10px;\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/www.chemicool.com\/ad.png\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9461632227417539\" data-ad-slot=\"8753977201\" data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t<a id=\"refer\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>References<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>Experiment on the Synthesis of Element 113 in the Reaction, Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, Vol. 73, No. 10, October, 2004, pp. 2593\u20132596<\/li>\n<li>\tObservation of Second Decay Chain from <sup>278<\/sup>113, Journal of the Physical Society of Japan Vol. 76, No. 4, April, 2007<\/li>\n<li>\tRobert Barber, Paul Karol, Hiromichi Nakahara, Emanuele Vardaci, and Erich Vogt, <a href=\"http:\/\/iupac.org\/publications\/pac\/pdf\/2011\/pdf\/8307x1485.pdf\">Discovery of the elements with atomic numbers greater than or equal to 113<\/a>,. 2011, IUPAC. (pdf download) \t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a id=\"Cite\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>Cite this Page<\/h4>\n<p>For online linking, please copy and paste one of the following:<\/p>\n<pre class='code'>\r\n&lt;a href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/ununtrium.html\"&gt;Nihonium&lt;\/a&gt;\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>or<\/p>\n<pre class='code'>\r\n&lt;a href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/ununtrium.html\"&gt;Nihonium Element Facts&lt;\/a&gt;\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>To cite this page in an academic document, please use the following MLA compliant citation:<\/p>\n<pre class='code'>\r\n\"Nihonium.\" Chemicool Periodic Table. Chemicool.com. 11 Jun. 2016. Web. <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\r\n<!--\r\nvar currentTime = new Date()\r\nvar month = currentTime.getMonth() + 1\r\nvar day = currentTime.getDate()\r\nvar year = currentTime.getFullYear()\r\ndocument.write(month + \"\/\" + day + \"\/\" + year)\r\n\/\/-->\r\n<\/script> \r\n&lt;https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/ununtrium.html&gt;.<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Data Zone | Discovery | Facts | Appearance &amp; Characteristics | Uses | Abundance &amp; Isotopes | References 113 Nh (286) The chemical element nihonium is classed as an other metal. It was discovered in 2012 by Kosuke Morita\u2019s RIKEN collaborative team. Data Zone Classification: Nihonium is an &#8216;other metal&#8217; (presumed) Atomic weight: (286), no [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":{"0":"post-610","1":"page","2":"type-page","3":"status-publish","5":"entry"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/610","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=610"}],"version-history":[{"count":30,"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/610\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4273,"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/610\/revisions\/4273"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=610"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}