{"id":490,"date":"2012-05-27T22:09:42","date_gmt":"2012-05-27T22:09:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/?page_id=490"},"modified":"2017-12-07T02:08:24","modified_gmt":"2017-12-07T07:08:24","slug":"platinum","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/platinum.html","title":{"rendered":"Platinum Element Facts"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"insidepagelinks\">\n<a href=\"#data\">Data Zone<\/a> |  <a href=\"#discovery\">Discovery<\/a> |  <a href=\"#facts\">Facts<\/a> | <a href=\"#appear\">Appearance &amp; Characteristics<\/a> | <a href=\"#uses\">Uses<\/a> | <a href=\"#abund\">Abundance &amp; Isotopes<\/a>  | <a href=\"#refer\">References<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tmetalsT\">\n<div class=\"atnorT\">78<\/div>\n<div class=\"clearT\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"elnamT\">Pt<\/div>\n<div class=\"atweiT\">  195.1 <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The chemical element platinum is classed as a transition metal. It was discovered by South American peoples.<\/p>\n<div style=\"clear:both;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"adsense300\">\n<div class=\"adsense300spacer\">\n<div style=\"line-height:10px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/www.chemicool.com\/ad.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display: block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9461632227417539\" data-ad-slot=\"8753977201\" data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"data\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Data Zone<\/h2>\n<table class=\"datatop\">\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Classification:<\/td>\n<td>  Platinum is a transition metal   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Color:<\/td>\n<td>  silvery-white   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Atomic weight:<\/td>\n<td>   195.08 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">State:<\/td>\n<td>   solid   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Melting point:<\/td>\n<td> 1768 <sup>o<\/sup>C, 2041  K   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Boiling point:<\/td>\n<td>  3820 <sup>o<\/sup>C, 4093  K     <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Electrons:<\/td>\n<td>78<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Protons:<\/td>\n<td>78<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Neutrons in most abundant isotope:<\/td>\n<td>117<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Electron shells:<\/td>\n<td>   2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1    <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Electron configuration:<\/td>\n<td>   [Xe] 4f<sup>14<\/sup> 5d<sup>9<\/sup> 6s<sup>1<\/sup>   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Density @ 20<sup>o<\/sup>C:<\/td>\n<td>  21.45 g\/cm<sup>3<\/sup>   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<span class=\"collapseomatic \" id=\"id69e82a0693670\"  tabindex=\"0\" title=\"Show more, including: Heats, Energies, Oxidation,&lt;br \/&gt; Reactions, Compounds, Radii, Conductivities\"    >Show more, including: Heats, Energies, Oxidation,<br \/> Reactions, Compounds, Radii, Conductivities<\/span><div id=\"target-id69e82a0693670\" class=\"collapseomatic_content \">\n<table class=\"datatop\">\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Atomic volume:<\/td>\n<td>   9.10 cm<sup>3<\/sup>\/mol   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Structure:<\/td>\n<td>    fcc: face-centered cubic  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Hardness: <\/td>\n<td>    3.5  mohs  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Specific heat capacity<\/td>\n<td>   0.13   J g<sup>-1<\/sup> K<sup>-1<\/sup>  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Heat of fusion<\/td>\n<td> 22.17 kJ mol<sup>-1<\/sup>  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Heat of atomization<\/td>\n<td>  564  kJ mol<sup>-1<\/sup> <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Heat of vaporization<\/td>\n<td>  510.45 kJ mol<sup>-1<\/sup>  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">1<sup>st<\/sup> ionization energy<\/td>\n<td>  870 kJ mol<sup>-1<\/sup>  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">2<sup>nd<\/sup> ionization energy<\/td>\n<td>   1791 kJ mol<sup>-1<\/sup>  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">3<sup>rd<\/sup> ionization energy<\/td>\n<td>  &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Electron affinity<\/td>\n<td>    205.3  kJ mol<sup>-1<\/sup> <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Minimum oxidation number<\/td>\n<td>  0    <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Min. common oxidation no.<\/td>\n<td>  0   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Maximum oxidation number <\/td>\n<td> 6 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Max. common oxidation no. <\/td>\n<td>  4  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Electronegativity (Pauling Scale) <\/td>\n<td>  2.28   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Polarizability volume <\/td>\n<td>   6.5 &Aring;<sup>3<\/sup>  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Reaction with air<\/td>\n<td> none  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Reaction with 15 M HNO<sub>3<\/sub> <\/td>\n<td>  none  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Reaction with 6 M HCl <\/td>\n<td> none <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Reaction with 6 M NaOH <\/td>\n<td>   none  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Oxide(s) <\/td>\n<td>  Pt<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub>  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Hydride(s) <\/td>\n<td>  &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Chloride(s) <\/td>\n<td> PtCl<sub>2<\/sub>, PtCl<sub>4<\/sub> <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Atomic radius <\/td>\n<td>   135 pm  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Ionic radius (1+ ion) <\/td>\n<td> &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Ionic radius (2+ ion) <\/td>\n<td>  94  pm <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Ionic radius (3+ ion) <\/td>\n<td> &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Ionic radius (1- ion) <\/td>\n<td>   &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Ionic radius (2- ion) <\/td>\n<td> &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Ionic radius (3- ion) <\/td>\n<td>   &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Thermal conductivity <\/td>\n<td>  71.6   W m<sup>-1<\/sup> K<sup>-1<\/sup> <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Electrical conductivity <\/td>\n<td>  9.4 x 10<sup>6<\/sup> S m<sup>-1<\/sup>  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Freezing\/Melting point:<\/td>\n<td> 1768 <sup>o<\/sup>C, 2041  K   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"leftimagepadding\">\n<div style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chemicool.com\/elements\/images\/300-platinum-coins.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"155\" alt=\"Both sides of a platinum eagle coin.\" class=\"size-full\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Both sides of a platinum eagle coin.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a id=\"discovery\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Discovery of Platinum<\/h2>\n<p>Platinum was discovered by South American peoples who produced artifacts of a white gold-platinum alloy.<\/p>\n<p>The first written account of platinum was from Julius C Scaliger in 1557. He describes it as a strange metal found in mines between Panama and Mexico and wrote that no fire or any of the Spanish arts could melt it.<\/p>\n<p>In 1783 French chemist Francois Chabaneaus discovered and patented a method of producing workable platinum. However the quality of the metal was still very inconsistent from batch to batch &#8211; unknown to him, there were impurities of, as then, undiscovered metals.<\/p>\n<p>English chemist William H Wollaston developed a commercial process for producing pure platinum in the early 19th century.  In the course of his studies on platinum ores he also discovered the metals osmium, iridium, rhodium and palladium &#8211; the elements which had made Chabaneaus&#8217; work so frustrating.<\/p>\n<p>The element name comes from the Spanish word &#8216;platina&#8217; meaning little silver.<\/p>\n<div style=\"clear:both;line-height:20px;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"adsense300\">\n<div class=\"adsense300spacer\">\n<div style=\"line-height: 10px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/www.chemicool.com\/ad.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 336px; height: 280px;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9461632227417539\" data-ad-slot=\"2986645201\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/p>\n<div class=\"leftimagepadding\">\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/yx1S7bkJiwc?rel=0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div class=\"youtubecaption\">Platinum acts as a catalyst for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. Since platinum is acting as a catalyst, it is not consumed in the reaction.<\/div>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/mE8bVvplDNM?rel=0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div class=\"youtubecaption\">Platinum&#8217;s history and properties.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a id=\"appear\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Appearance and Characteristics<\/h3>\n<p>\t  <strong>Harmful effects:<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p>\t \tPlatinum is considered to be non-toxic. <\/p>\n<p>\t  <strong>Characteristics:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\t\t Platinum is a precious metal; soft, silvery-white, and dense with a beautiful lustrous sheen.<\/p>\n<p>It is one of the of the six platinum group metals consisting of platinum, palladium, rhodium, osmium, iridium and ruthenium.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Platinum Group Metals<\/strong><br \/>\nThese metals have similar properties and are often present in the same mineral ores.<\/p>\n<table class=\"navbar\">\n<tr>\n<td><a class=\"tmetals\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/ruthenium.html\" title=\"ruthenium \"><sup>44<\/sup><br \/>Ru<\/a> <\/td>\n<td><a class=\"tmetals\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/rhodium.html\" title=\"rhodium \"><sup>45<\/sup><br \/>Rh<\/a> <\/td>\n<td><a class=\"tmetals\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/palladium.html\" title=\"palladium \"><sup>46<\/sup><br \/>Pd<\/a> <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a class=\"tmetals\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/osmium.html\" title=\"osmium \"><sup>76<\/sup><br \/>Os<\/a> <\/td>\n<td><a class=\"tmetals\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/iridium.html\" title=\"iridium \"><sup>77<\/sup><br \/>Ir<\/a> <\/td>\n<td><a class=\"tmetals\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/platinum.html\" title=\"platinum \"><sup>78<\/sup><br \/>Pt<\/a> <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<div style=\"height:15px;\"><\/div>\n<p>Platinum is malleable and ductile and has a high melting point.<\/p>\n<p>\t\tIt does not oxidize in air even at high temperatures and is unaffected by common acids. <\/p>\n<p>\t\tPlatinum dissolves in aqua regia (mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid in the ratio 1:3) forming chloroplatinic acid (H<sub>2<\/sub>PtCl<sub>6<\/sub>).<\/p>\n<p>\t\tIt is also corroded by halogens, cyanides, sulfur, and caustic alkalis.<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"uses\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Uses of Platinum<\/h2>\n<p>\t\tPlatinum is widely used as a catalyst for chemical reactions. The most important use of platinum is in vehicles, as a catalytic converter, facilitating the complete combustion of unburned hydrocarbon passing through the exhaust.<\/p>\n<p>\t\tPlatinum is used in jewelry, decoration and dental work. The metal and its alloys are also used for electrical contacts, fine resistance wires and medical \/ laboratory instruments. <\/p>\n<p>\t\tAn alloy of platinum and cobalt is used to produce strong permanent magnets.<\/p>\n<p>\t\tThe metal is also used to make electrodes sealed in glass (as its thermal coefficient of expansion is almost equal to that of glass).\t<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"abund\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Abundance and Isotopes<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"elemgl\">Abundance earth&#8217;s crust:<\/span>  5 parts per billion by weight, 0.5 parts per billion by moles<\/p>\n<p>\t\t<span class=\"elemgl\">Abundance solar system:<\/span>  9 part per billion by weight,  0.06 parts per billion by moles<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elemgl\">Cost, pure:<\/span>  $13000 per 100g<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elemgl\">Cost, bulk:<\/span>  $5000 per 100g<\/p>\n<p>\t\t<span class=\"elemgl\">Source:<\/span> Platinum is an extremely rare metal and can be found uncombined in alluvial deposits often accompanied by small amounts of other platinum family metals. A major source of platinum is the ore sperrylite (PtAs<sub>2<\/sub>). It is also found in the mineral cooperite (PtS). Platinum is also produced commercially as a by-product of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/nickel.html\">nickel<\/a> refining from copper-nickel ores.<\/p>\n<p>\t\t<span class=\"elemgl\">Isotopes:<\/span> Platinum has 35 isotopes whose half-lives are known, with mass numbers 202 to 168. Naturally occurring platinum is a mixture of six isotopes and they are found in the percentages shown: <sup>190<\/sup>Pt (0.01%), <sup>192<\/sup>Pt (0.78%), <sup>194<\/sup>Pt (33.0%), <sup>195<\/sup>Pt (33.8%), <sup>196<\/sup>Pt (25.2%) and <sup>198<\/sup>Pt (7.2%). The most abundant is <sup>195<\/sup>Pt at 33.8%.<\/p>\n<div style=\"max-width: 750px;\">\n<div style=\"line-height: 10px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/www.chemicool.com\/ad.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display: block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9461632227417539\" data-ad-slot=\"8753977201\" data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><a id=\"refer\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>References<\/h4>\n<h4>Cite this Page<\/h4>\n<p>For online linking, please copy and paste one of the following:<\/p>\n<pre class='code'>\r\n&lt;a href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/platinum.html\"&gt;Platinum&lt;\/a&gt;\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>or<\/p>\n<pre class='code'>\r\n&lt;a href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/platinum.html\"&gt;Platinum Element Facts&lt;\/a&gt;\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>To cite this page in an academic document, please use the following MLA compliant citation:<\/p>\n<pre class='code'>\r\n\"Platinum.\" Chemicool Periodic Table. Chemicool.com. 24 Jul. 2015. Web. <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\r\n<!--\r\nvar currentTime = new Date()\r\nvar month = currentTime.getMonth() + 1\r\nvar day = currentTime.getDate()\r\nvar year = currentTime.getFullYear()\r\ndocument.write(month + \"\/\" + day + \"\/\" + year)\r\n\/\/-->\r\n<\/script> \r\n&lt;https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/platinum.html&gt;.<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Data Zone | Discovery | Facts | Appearance &amp; Characteristics | Uses | Abundance &amp; Isotopes | References 78 Pt 195.1 The chemical element platinum is classed as a transition metal. It was discovered by South American peoples. Data Zone Classification: Platinum is a transition metal Color: silvery-white Atomic weight: 195.08 State: solid Melting point: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":{"0":"post-490","1":"page","2":"type-page","3":"status-publish","5":"entry"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/490","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=490"}],"version-history":[{"count":26,"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/490\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4282,"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/490\/revisions\/4282"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=490"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}