{"id":256,"date":"2012-05-23T09:49:37","date_gmt":"2012-05-23T09:49:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/?page_id=256"},"modified":"2017-12-07T02:08:58","modified_gmt":"2017-12-07T07:08:58","slug":"vanadium","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/vanadium.html","title":{"rendered":"Vanadium Element Facts"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"insidepagelinks\">\n<a href=\"#data\">Data Zone<\/a> |  <a href=\"#discovery\">Discovery<\/a> |  <a href=\"#facts\">Facts<\/a> | <a href=\"#appear\">Appearance &amp; Characteristics<\/a> | <a href=\"#uses\">Uses<\/a> | <a href=\"#abund\">Abundance &amp; Isotopes<\/a>  | <a href=\"#refer\">References<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tmetalsT\">\n<div class=\"atnorT\">23<\/div>\n<div class=\"clearT\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"elnamT\">V<\/div>\n<div class=\"atweiT\">50.94<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The chemical element vanadium is classed as a transition metal. It was discovered in 1801 by Andres Manuel del Rio.<\/p>\n<div style=\"clear:both;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"adsense300\">\n<div class=\"adsense300spacer\">\n<div style=\"line-height:10px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/www.chemicool.com\/ad.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display: block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9461632227417539\" data-ad-slot=\"8753977201\" data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"data\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Data Zone<\/h2>\n<table class=\"datatop\">\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Classification:<\/td>\n<td>  Vanadium is a transition metal   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Color:<\/td>\n<td>  silvery   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Atomic weight:<\/td>\n<td>   50.9415 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">State:<\/td>\n<td>   solid   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Melting point:<\/td>\n<td> 1920 <sup>o<\/sup>C, 2193 K    <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Boiling point:<\/td>\n<td>   3400 <sup>o<\/sup>C, 3673  K    <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Electrons:<\/td>\n<td>23<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Protons:<\/td>\n<td>23<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Neutrons in most abundant isotope:<\/td>\n<td>28<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Electron shells:<\/td>\n<td>    2,8,11,2     <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Electron configuration:<\/td>\n<td>   [Ar] 3d<sup>3<\/sup> 4s<sup>2<\/sup>    <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Density @ 20<sup>o<\/sup>C:<\/td>\n<td>  6.1  g\/cm<sup>3<\/sup>  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<span class=\"collapseomatic \" id=\"id6a379246f13db\"  tabindex=\"0\" title=\"Show more, including: Heats, Energies, Oxidation,&lt;br \/&gt; Reactions, Compounds, Radii, Conductivities\"    >Show more, including: Heats, Energies, Oxidation,<br \/> Reactions, Compounds, Radii, Conductivities<\/span><div id=\"target-id6a379246f13db\" class=\"collapseomatic_content \">\n<table class=\"datatop\">\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Atomic volume:<\/td>\n<td>   8.78 cm<sup>3<\/sup>\/mol  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Structure:<\/td>\n<td>  bcc: body-centered cubic <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Hardness: <\/td>\n<td>    7.0 mohs  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Specific heat capacity<\/td>\n<td>    0.49 J g<sup>-1<\/sup> K<sup>-1<\/sup>  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Heat of fusion<\/td>\n<td> 20.90 kJ mol<sup>-1<\/sup> <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Heat of atomization<\/td>\n<td>  514 kJ mol<sup>-1<\/sup> <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Heat of vaporization<\/td>\n<td>   459  kJ mol<sup>-1<\/sup>   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">1<sup>st<\/sup> ionization energy<\/td>\n<td> 650.3 kJ mol<sup>-1<\/sup>    <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">2<sup>nd<\/sup> ionization energy<\/td>\n<td>  1413.5  kJ mol<sup>-1<\/sup>   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">3<sup>rd<\/sup> ionization energy<\/td>\n<td>    2828 kJ mol<sup>-1<\/sup> <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Electron affinity<\/td>\n<td>    50.7 kJ mol<sup>-1<\/sup> <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Minimum oxidation number<\/td>\n<td>  -1    <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Min. common oxidation no.<\/td>\n<td>  0   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Maximum oxidation number <\/td>\n<td> 5 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Max. common oxidation no. <\/td>\n<td>  5  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Electronegativity (Pauling Scale) <\/td>\n<td>  1.63   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Polarizability volume <\/td>\n<td>    12.4  &Aring;<sup>3<\/sup>  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Reaction with air<\/td>\n<td>  mild, w\/ht &#8658;  V<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>5<\/sub>,  VN   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Reaction with 15 M HNO<sub>3<\/sub> <\/td>\n<td>   mild <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Reaction with 6 M HCl <\/td>\n<td>  none <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Reaction with 6 M NaOH <\/td>\n<td>   none  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Oxide(s) <\/td>\n<td> VO, V<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub>, VO<sub>2<\/sub>, V<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>5<\/sub> (vanadium pentoxide) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Hydride(s) <\/td>\n<td>   VH, VH<sub>2<\/sub>   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Chloride(s) <\/td>\n<td>  VCl<sub>2<\/sub>,  VCl<sub>3<\/sub>, VCl<sub>4<\/sub> <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Atomic radius <\/td>\n<td> 134 pm  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Ionic radius (1+ ion) <\/td>\n<td> &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Ionic radius (2+ ion) <\/td>\n<td>    93  pm  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Ionic radius (3+ ion) <\/td>\n<td> 78  pm <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Ionic radius (1- ion) <\/td>\n<td>   &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Ionic radius (2- ion) <\/td>\n<td> &#8211; <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Ionic radius (3- ion) <\/td>\n<td>   &#8211;  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Thermal conductivity <\/td>\n<td>  30.7  W m<sup>-1<\/sup> K<sup>-1<\/sup> <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\"> Electrical conductivity <\/td>\n<td>   4 x 10<sup>6<\/sup> S m<sup>-1<\/sup>  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"elemglb\">Freezing\/Melting point:<\/td>\n<td> 1920 <sup>o<\/sup>C, 2193 K    <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"leftimagepadding\">\n<div style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chemicool.com\/elements\/images\/300-vanadium-metal.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"160\" alt=\"Vanadium metal\" class=\"size-full\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vanadium metal with oxide layer. Photo by Tomihahndorf.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a id=\"discovery\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Discovery of  Vanadium<\/h2>\n<div class=\"author\">Dr. Doug Stewart<\/div>\n<p>Vanadium was discovered in 1801 by the Spanish scientist Andres Manuel del Rio. <\/p>\n<p>Del Rio discovered the new element in brown lead ore (now known to be the mineral vanadinite, Pb<sub>5<\/sub>[VO<sub>4<\/sub>]<sub>3<\/sub>Cl) in New Spain (Mexico).  <\/p>\n<p>Del Rio had moved to Mexico as a professor of Chemistry and Mineralogy at the Royal School of Mines, Mexico City. <\/p>\n<p>He named his new element panchromo or panchromium meaning &#8216;all of the colors&#8217; because of the wide range of colors he had found when investigating the element&#8217;s salts.<\/p>\n<p>He then renamed the element eritrono or erythronium, from the Greek word eruthros, meaning red. The new name was inspired by the red color which was seen when Group 1 or Group 2 oxide salts of the new element &#8211; for example sodium vanadium oxide &#8211; were heated or acidified. <sup>(1),(2),(3)<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>In 1805 the French chemist Hippolyte-Victor Collet-Descotils examined the lead ore and announced that erythronium was actually impure chromium &#8211; an analysis which, unfortunately, del Rio accepted.<\/p>\n<p>Nothing more was heard of the element until 1830, when Nils Gabriel Sefstr&ouml;m in Stockholm, Sweden, found a new metal in a Swedish iron ore. <\/p>\n<p>He called this new element vanadium after &#8216;Vanadis&#8217; the Scandinavian goddess of beauty because of the beautiful multicolored compounds formed by the metal.<sup> (4)<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>In the same year, German chemist Friedrich W&ouml;hler reinvestigated the Mexican lead ore and found that vanadium was identical to del Rio&#8217;s erythronium.<sup> (5)<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>The metal was first isolated by Sir Henry E. Roscoe in 1867, in Manchester, England, by reducing vanadium chloride with hydrogen. <\/p>\n<p>The vanadium mineral roscoelite was named in honor of Rocoe&#8217;s work.<sup> (4), (6)<\/sup><\/p>\n<div style=\"clear:both;line-height:20px;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"adsense300\">\n<div class=\"adsense300spacer\">\n<div style=\"line-height: 10px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/www.chemicool.com\/ad.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 336px; height: 280px;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9461632227417539\" data-ad-slot=\"2986645201\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/p>\n<div class=\"leftimagepadding\">\n<div style=\"width:300px;\">\n<strong>Vanadium&#8217;s Periodic Table Neighborhood<\/strong><br \/>\nVanadium&#8217;s discovery in 1801 was initially disregarded because it was thought to be impure chromium, which sits on vanadium&#8217;s right in the periodic table. Of course, in 1801 the concept of the periodic table had not been born.\n<\/div>\n<table class=\"navbar\">\n<tr>\n<td class=\"info\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"info\">Group 4<\/td>\n<td class=\"info\">Group 5<\/td>\n<td class=\"info\">Group 6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"info\">4<\/td>\n<td><a class=\"tmetals\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/titanium.html\" title=\"titanium \"><sup>22<\/sup><br \/>Ti<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a class=\"tmetals\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/vanadium.html\" title=\"vanadium \"><sup>23<\/sup><br \/>V<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a class=\"tmetals\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/chromium.html\" title=\"chromium \"><sup>24<\/sup><br \/>Cr<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"info\">5<\/td>\n<td><a class=\"tmetals\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/zirconium.html\" title=\"zirconium \"><sup>40<\/sup><br \/>Zr<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a class=\"tmetals\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/niobium.html\" title=\"niobium \"><sup>41<\/sup><br \/>Nb<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a class=\"tmetals\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/molybdenum.html\" title=\"molybdenum \"><sup>42<\/sup><br \/>Mo<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"info\">6<\/td>\n<td><a class=\"tmetals\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/hafnium.html\" title=\"hafnium \"><sup>72<\/sup><br \/>Hf<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a class=\"tmetals\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/tantalum.html\" title=\"tantalum \"><sup>73<\/sup><br \/>Ta<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a class=\"tmetals\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/tungsten.html\" title=\"tungsten \"><sup>74<\/sup><br \/>W<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<div style=\"line-height:15px;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/images\/vanadium-oxidation-colors.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"280\" alt=\"The colors of vanadium ions\" class=\"size-full\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vanadium&#8217;s colorful oxidation states: +2 is lavender; +3 is green; +4 is blue; +5 is yellow. When he saw these colors, Andres Manuel del Rio first decided to call the new element panchromium meaning &#8216;all of the colors.&#8217; You can see these colors being generated by chemical reactions in the short video below. Photo by Steffen Kristensen.<\/p><\/div>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"300\" height=\"233\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/sFAGQLokym4\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div class=\"youtubecaption\">Vanadium is named after the Scandinavian goddess of beauty because of its multiple colors. Watch it change colors as it changes oxidation state with shaking.<\/div>\n<div style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/images\/300-vanadium-plane.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" alt=\"Jet engines use a vanadium alloy\" class=\"size-full\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">An SR-71B from NASA&#8217;s Dryden Flight Research Center, capable of flying at more than 2,200 mph and at altitudes of over 85,000 feet. A titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy is used for jet engines and for high-speed aircraft.  (Photo credit: NASA)<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a id=\"appear\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Appearance and Characteristics<\/h3>\n<p>  <strong>Harmful effects:<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p>\t Although vanadium is an essential trace element for some creatures a number of its compounds are toxic. <\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\tGenerally, the higher the oxidation state of vanadium, the more toxic the compound. <\/p>\n<p>\t  <strong>Characteristics:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\t\t Vanadium is a bright white, soft, ductile metal with good structural strength.<\/p>\n<p>\t\tVanadium is resistant to attack by alkalis, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and salt water.<\/p>\n<p>When present in compounds, vanadium exists mostly in the oxidation state V.<\/p>\n<p>\t\tThe metal oxidizes in air at around 660 <sup>o<\/sup>C to the pentoxide (V<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>5<\/sub>).<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"uses\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Uses of Vanadium<\/h2>\n<p>\t\tThe main use of vanadium is in alloys, especially with steel.<\/p>\n<p>\t\t85% of all the vanadium produced goes into steel, 10% goes into alloys of titanium and 5% into all other uses. <sup>7<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\t\tA small amount of vanadium adds strength, toughness, and heat resistance.<\/p>\n<p>\t\tIt is usually added in the form of ferrovanadium, a vanadium-iron alloy.<\/p>\n<p>\t\tVanadium steel alloys are used in gears, axles and crankshafts.<\/p>\n<p>\t\tTitanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy is used in jet engines and for high-speed aircraft.<\/p>\n<p>\t\tVanadium foil is used in cladding <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/titanium.html\">titanium<\/a> to steel.<\/p>\n<p>\t\tVanadium-gallium tape is used in superconducting magnets.<\/p>\n<p>\t\tVanadium pentoxide is used in ceramics and as a catalyst for the production of sulfuric acid.<\/p>\n<p>\t\tThe first extensive industrial use of vanadium metal was over a century ago in the vanadium-steel alloy chassis of the Ford Model T car.<\/p>\n<p>A 1908 advertisement for the Model T read, &#8220;Vanadium steel, the strongest, toughest and most enduring steel ever manufactured, is used throughout the entire car.&#8221;   <\/p>\n<p><a id=\"abund\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Abundance and Isotopes<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"elemgl\">Abundance earth&#8217;s crust:<\/span>  120 parts per million by weight, 50 parts per million by moles<\/p>\n<p>\t\t<span class=\"elemgl\">Abundance solar system:<\/span> 400 parts per billion by weight, 9 parts per billion by moles<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elemgl\">Cost, pure:<\/span>  $220 per 100g<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elemgl\">Cost, bulk:<\/span>  $2.70 per 100g<\/p>\n<p>\t\t<span class=\"elemgl\">Source:<\/span> Vanadium is not found free in nature but is found combined in about 65 different minerals. Vanadium is also found in bauxite and in fossil fuel deposits. Commercially, production of the metal is by calcium reduction of the pentoxide.<\/p>\n<p>\t\t<span class=\"elemgl\">Isotopes:<\/span> Vanadium has 18 isotopes whose half-lives are known, with mass numbers 43 to 60. Naturally occurring vanadium is a mixture of two isotopes, <sup>50<\/sup>V and <sup>51<\/sup>V with natural abundances of 0.2% and 99.7% respectively.  <\/p>\n<div style=\"clear:both;line-height:2px;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"max-width: 750px;\">\n<div style=\"line-height: 10px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/www.chemicool.com\/ad.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display: block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9461632227417539\" data-ad-slot=\"8753977201\" data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><a id=\"refer\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>References<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>Dieter Rehder, Bioinorganic Vanadium Chemistry, 2008, Wiley, p2 <\/li>\n<li> Ariosto Aguilar Mandujano, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cambiodemichoacan.com.mx\/imprimee.php?id=4167\">Andres Manuel del Rio, Educator<\/a> <\/li>\n<li> B. Smith Hopkins, Chemistry of the Rarer Elements, 1923, D.C. Heath and Company, p205<\/li>\n<li> J.W. Mellor, A Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Volume IX, 1929, Longmans, Green and Co., p714<\/li>\n<li>Sydney Marks, A Text-book of Inorganic Chemistry Volume VI. Part III., 1929, Charles Griffin &amp; Company Limited, p12 <\/li>\n<li> Per Enghag, Encyclopedia of the Elements: Technical Data &#8211; History &#8211; Processing &#8211; Applications, 2008, John Wiley &amp; Sons, p542<\/li>\n<li> Fran&ccedil;ois Cardarelli, Materials Handbook: A Concise Desktop Reference, 2008, Springer, p342<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>Cite this Page<\/h4>\n<p>For online linking, please copy and paste one of the following:<\/p>\n<pre class='code'>\r\n&lt;a href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/vanadium.html\"&gt;Vanadium&lt;\/a&gt;\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>or<\/p>\n<pre class='code'>\r\n&lt;a href=\"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/vanadium.html\"&gt;Vanadium Element Facts&lt;\/a&gt;\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>To cite this page in an academic document, please use the following MLA compliant citation:<\/p>\n<pre class='code'>\r\n\"Vanadium.\" Chemicool Periodic Table. Chemicool.com. 18 Oct. 2012. Web. <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\r\n<!--\r\nvar currentTime = new Date()\r\nvar month = currentTime.getMonth() + 1\r\nvar day = currentTime.getDate()\r\nvar year = currentTime.getFullYear()\r\ndocument.write(month + \"\/\" + day + \"\/\" + year)\r\n\/\/-->\r\n<\/script> \r\n&lt;https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/vanadium.html&gt;.<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Data Zone | Discovery | Facts | Appearance &amp; Characteristics | Uses | Abundance &amp; Isotopes | References 23 V 50.94 The chemical element vanadium is classed as a transition metal. It was discovered in 1801 by Andres Manuel del Rio. Data Zone Classification: Vanadium is a transition metal Color: silvery Atomic weight: 50.9415 State: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":{"0":"post-256","1":"page","2":"type-page","3":"status-publish","5":"entry"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/256","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=256"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/256\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4318,"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/256\/revisions\/4318"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chemicool.com\/elements\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=256"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}