A multiparameter extension of the Hammett equation to quantify the role of enhanced resonance effects on the reactivity of meta- and para-substituted benzene derivatives, e.g.

lg k = lg ko + [rho][sigma] + r ([sigma]+ - [sigma])]

The parameter r gives the enhanced resonance effect on the scale ([sigma]+-[sigma]), or ([sigma]--[sigma]), respectively.

See also [rho]-value, [sigma]-constant. See YUKAWA and TSUNO (1959); SHORTER (1973).

Z-value

See below under Z-value.






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