This term applies in a general way to any multiparametric extension of the Hammett equation. It is sometimes used specifically for a form of dual substituent-parameter equation in which the actual value of the correlated property P under the influence of the substituent X is used, rather than the value relative to that for X = H. An intercept term h corresponding to the value of P for X = H is introduced, e.g.
P = ![[alpha]](/img3/F_files/ALPHA.gif)
![[sigma]](/img3/F_files/SIGMA.gif)
I + ![[beta]](/img3/F_files/BETA.gif)
R + h
The equation may be applied to systems for which the inclusion of further terms to represent other effects, e.g. steric, is appropriate. CHAPMAN and SHORTER (1972, 1978); CHARTON (1987).
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