DIFERENCE BETWEEN N+3 AND N+5?

[ttuankiet2005]

I have the problem in explaination of the charge of Nitrogen in NH3 and HNO3.
To my knowledge, in NH3 i know the last shell of electron is 2s2 2p3 so it is hybridized sp3 and it has charge +3
But HNO3, what is the nitrogen hybridized ?and why it has charge +5?
thanks a lot

[Dan the Chemist]

I have attatched the structure. From that, can you work out the hybridization?

It isn't really right to say that the N in ammonia has a +3 charge. It has "oxidation state" +3. Oxidation state does not necessarily mean charge. The oxidation state +5 for HNO3 comes from: one electron donated from N to each of the four bonds, and then the plus charge on N takes it to +5.

[base788]

The nitrogen in NH3 has an oxidation state of -3 not +3. Since the nitrogen is the more electronegative atom it has 8 valence electrons; by itself, it has only 5 so 5-8=-3. The hydrogens have zero valence electrons in this compound while hydrogen itself has one so 1-0=+1.