An atom or ion is described as being polarisable, or having a high polarisability if the electron density around it is easily deformed.
Generally, polarisable atom/ions are (a) big and (b) have low electronegativity (which implies low charge)
For example, Mercury (Hg) is very polarisable.
Polarisable atoms or ions are also referred to as 'soft'.
Ions are described as polarisING if it strongly induces the polarisation of other atoms/ions.
Generally, polarising ions are (a) Small (b) Highly charged
I can't help you on the quantitative side of things though, sorry.
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